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　　皮化(hua)材料品(pin)種(zhong)繁多，性(xing)能(neng)各(ge)異(yi)，就提(ti)高(gao)皮革(ge)(ge)檔(dang)次要求來看，由于(yu)我國(guo)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的原料皮較(jiao)少，只有通過整飾(shi)(shi)(shi)手段來提(ti)高(gao)品(pin)位，發展優質(zhi)的涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑（如光(guang)敏涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑，泡沫(mo)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑）有其特殊意義(yi)。我國(guo)現(xian)(xian)有生(sheng)產(chan)的皮革(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑，在品(pin)種(zhong)上(shang)，各(ge)種(zhong)組成均有生(sheng)產(chan)，能(neng)夠滿(man)足一般制(zhi)革(ge)(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)的需要，可在革(ge)(ge)制(zhi)品(pin)的涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)經常出(chu)現(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量(liang)問題(ti)，雖(sui)然(ran)不能(neng)完全歸罪于(yu)皮革(ge)(ge)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑的性(xing)能(neng)和質(zhi)量(liang)，使(shi)用(yong)工(gong)藝(yi)技巧也(ye)存(cun)有50%的責(ze)任，也(ye)就是說使(shi)用(yong)現(xian)(xian)有生(sheng)產(chan)的涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)劑，只要涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)藝(yi)恰(qia)當也(ye)能(neng)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的產(chan)品(pin)。但就整體而(er)言，涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層表(biao)(biao)面強度和防水(shui)性(xing)不足，表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)為耐(nai)碰擦和耐(nai)濕擦性(xing)能(neng)較(jiao)差(cha)，尤其是在服裝革(ge)(ge)、沙發革(ge)(ge)、皮件用(yong)革(ge)(ge)的涂(tu)(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)，表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)得更為明顯。

　　多功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)：專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)只是(shi)某一(yi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比較(jiao)(jiao)突(tu)出(chu)，其(qi)(qi)它性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)同樣需要兼(jian)顧；多功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)則是(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比較(jiao)(jiao)全面，突(tu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)多。而更重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)深入研(yan)究皮(pi)(pi)化材(cai)料與膠原纖維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應及其(qi)(qi)對皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，發(fa)展有(you)(you)特(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)材(cai)料，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)如何克(ke)服皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)不均(jun)一(yi)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，而使特(te)性(xing)(xing)得到充(chong)分發(fa)揮。例(li)如含氟(fu)材(cai)料用(yong)于(yu)(yu)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)后，由于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)機氟(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)大幅(fu)度(du)提高防(fang)(fang)水、防(fang)(fang)油、防(fang)(fang)污的(de)(de)(de)(de)三防(fang)(fang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)；樹脂(zhi)復鞣(rou)(rou)劑(ji)由于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)封閉膠原纖維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)基(ji)團和纖維(wei)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫鍵(jian)連(lian)接(jie)，甚(shen)至增(zeng)(zeng)加鞣(rou)(rou)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多點(dian)連(lian)接(jie)，普遍都能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)有(you)(you)提高皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)豐滿(man)、柔軟(ruan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)；結(jie)(jie)合型加脂(zhi)劑(ji)由于(yu)(yu)增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)與膠原纖維(wei)反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)(guan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)，而能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)有(you)(you)復鞣(rou)(rou)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，復鞣(rou)(rou)劑(ji)中增(zeng)(zeng)加長鏈(lian)柔性(xing)(xing)基(ji)團，而具有(you)(you)加脂(zhi)作用(yong)，二(er)者(zhe)更重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)在于(yu)(yu)耐洗。所謂特(te)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)為以前同類(lei)材(cai)料所沒有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，因此發(fa)展特(te)性(xing)(xing)材(cai)料才是(shi)多功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和專一(yi)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)。

　　為(wei)了適應各(ge)種皮(pi)革的(de)(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)，已經發展(zhan)了許許多多的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種皮(pi)革涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。為(wei)滿(man)足環境要求(qiu)，涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)應不含除水外的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切揮發組分(fen)。目前市售的(de)(de)(de)(de)水性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，除蛋(dan)白(bai)類(lei)外，全是(shi)乳液(ye)型(xing)(xing)或分(fen)散(san)型(xing)(xing)，與溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)相(xiang)比，在(zai)成(cheng)膜(mo)(mo)機(ji)理(li)上有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，在(zai)要求(qiu)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)到’((以下時(shi)(shi)，比較其流平(ping)性(xing)，水液(ye)型(xing)(xing)比溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)差(cha)，分(fen)散(san)型(xing)(xing)比溶液(ye)型(xing)(xing)差(cha)。因此(ci)，發展(zhan)近!$年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水液(ye)型(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高端皮(pi)革（也就是(shi)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)要求(qiu)很薄(bo)(bo)(bo)時(shi)(shi)）性(xing)能不能同溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)相(xiang)比，也就是(shi)成(cheng)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整性(xing)和均勻性(xing)不如溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。為(wei)此(ci)要想突破這(zhe)一(yi)難點，應研究(jiu)水溶型(xing)(xing)皮(pi)革涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，以及(ji)后期交聯(lian)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，改(gai)性(xing)后使(shi)其防水、光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)，尤其在(zai)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)時(shi)(shi)，是(shi)可能辦(ban)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。例如純(chun)蛋(dan)白(bai)涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)革，在(zai)經過較長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)白(bai)變性(xing)后，防水性(xing)以及(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)均能符合(he)要求(qiu)，所以打(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)革仍是(shi)高端革。利用(yong)(yong)有機(ji)氟(fu)化(hua)物、有機(ji)硅化(hua)合(he)物改(gai)進(jin)現有各(ge)種樹(shu)脂涂(tu)(tu)飾(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能，仍是(shi)近期的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)趨勢(shi)。